This post, as well as the
previous post on Nabokov, is a result of conversations with friends (at a mathematical conference). I tried to explain to my friends why Nabokov preferred to translate Pushkin's
Eugene Onegin in prose -- apparently, it was quite a scandalous decision at the time. To prove that he could write in famous Onegin's stanza, Nabokov penned the famous poem:
Vladimir Nabokov
On translating "Eugene Onegin"
( The New Yorker, January 8, 1955, p. 34)
1
What is translation? On a platter
A poets pale and glaring head,
A parrot's screech, a monkey's chatter,
And profanation of the dead.
The parasits you were so hard on
Are pardoned if I have your pardon,
O, Pushkin, for my stratagem:
I travelled down your secret stem,
And reached the root, and fed upon it;
Then, in a language newly learned,
I grew another stalk and turned
Your stanza patterned on a sonnet,
Into my honest roadside prose--
All thorn, but cousin to your rose.
2
Reflected words can only shiver
Like elongated lights that twist
In the black mirror of a river
Between the city and the mist.
Elusive Pushkin! Persevering,
I still pick up Tatiana's earring,
Still travel with your sullen rake.
I find another man's mistake,
I analize alliterations
That grace your feasts and haunt the great
Fourth stanza of your Canto Eight.
This is my task -- a poet's patience
And scholiastic passion blent:
Dove-dropping on your monument.
And here is Stanza IV of Canto Eight mentioned by Nabokov:
IV
Но я отстал от их союза
И вдаль бежал... Она за мной.
Как часто ласковая муза
Мне услаждала путь немой
Волшебством тайного рассказа!
Как часто по скалам Кавказа
Она Ленорой, при луне,
Со мной скакала на коне!
Как часто по брегам Тавриды
Она меня во мгле ночной
Водила слушать шум морской,
Немолчный шепот Нереиды,
Глубокий, вечный хор валов,
Хвалебный гимн отцу миров.
In Ch. Jonston's translation the wonderful alliterations are lost without trace:
IV
When I defected from their union
and ran far off... the Muse came too.
How often, with her sweet communion,
she'd cheer my wordless way, and do
her secret work of magic suasion!
How often on the steep Caucasian
ranges, Lenora-like, she'd ride
breakneck by moonlight at my side!
How oft she'd lead me, by the Tauric
seacoast, to hear in dark of night
the murmuring Nereids recite,
and the deep-throated billows' choric
hymnal as, endlessly unfurled,
they praise the Father of the world.
Of course, for the anglophil and anglophone Nabokov
Eugene Onegin, a Byronic novel, had special attraction. Canto Eight, by the way, has an epigraph from Byron:
Fare thee well, and if for ever
Still for ever fare thee well.
I'll try to find Stanza IV in Nabokov's translation and place here, for comparison; it happened to be harder than I thought -- to my surprise, my University's library has no copy.
4 comments:
Nabokov's Chpt. 8, IV
But I dropped out of their alliance--
and fled afar...she followed me.
How often the caressive Muse
for me would sweeten the mute way
with the bewitchment of a secret tale!
How often on Caucasia's crags,
Lenorelike, by the moon,
with me she'd gallop on a steed!
How often on the shores of Tauris
she in the murk of nifht
led me to listen the sound of the sea,
Nereid's unceasing murmur,
the deep eternal chorus of the billows,
the praiseful hymn to the sire of the worlds.
It is interesting you prefer Nabokov's version over Johnston's. Most Russian scholars favour Johnston's, which is viewed as a recreation of "Onegin" into English and therefore better than Nabokov's rather dull transcription of the Russian. I, for instance, count only one or two examples of alliteration (and this is being generous and counting assonance as will) in the above stanza. This stanza is also commonly cited as an example of Nabokov's slightly stretched English--note, for instance, the Russian-esque "listen the sound of the sea" which should be, in English, "listen TO the sound of the sea" (one cannot "listen" a noun in English--only listen to something).
Kate, you are great -- you saved me from visiting British Library on my next trip to London. It is a nice place, but it takes ages to get a book.
I prefer Nabokov's translation for perhaps wrong reasons -- I was amazed to discover that I could spontaneously recover from it large fragments of the original -- quite a magic effect.
I have to admit that I am very impressed by Johnston's translation.
What do you think about the translation by Douglas Hofstadter?
Thanks for pointing me to Douglas Hofstadter. I have taken a brief look; alas, it appears to be a translation into colloquial American. For example, the word "ad-libbing" is not present in Shorter Oxford Dictionary of 1955 and therefore should not be used in "Onegin". Nabokov's notorious "dit" is present in SOD, even if marked as archaic and referenced to 1590.
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